Reference summary — not medical advice or a personal risk estimate.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
Group 1 — carcinogenic to humansInfectionsbiologicalEvidence: sufficient_in_humans
Summary
A virus that causes an aggressive adult leukemia/lymphoma in a small fraction of carriers.
Detail
HTLV-1 is Group 1 with sufficient evidence for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Spread via blood, sexual contact, and from mother to child via breastfeeding. Infection is more common in Japan, the Caribbean, Africa and South America; most carriers do not develop disease.
Regional relevance
east_asiacaribbeansouth_americaafrica
regional
Sources
Primary sources
Consumer references
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- California Prop 65 list
State of California's list of chemicals known to cause cancer or reproductive harm.